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  Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high sugar levels in the blood due to insufficient production of insulin or ineffective utilization by the body. Early recognition and prompt management of diabetes are critical to preventing complications. In this article, we shall see the various indicators of diabetes in patients. However, it must be noted that while these symptoms may be suggestive, a definitive diagnosis can only be made by a healthcare professional after appropriate tests. Excessive Urination: One of the most common symptoms experienced by diabetics is frequent urination, medically referred to as polyuria. High blood glucose levels hamper the kidneys’ ability to reabsorb water, leading to increased urine output. Diabetics may find themselves frequently visiting the toilet, especially during the night. This is because the body tries to get rid of the extra sugar through urine.[1] Excessive Thirst: Polyuria is often accompanied by another prom...

 Affecting millions of individuals worldwide, diabetes is a chronic condition characterized by high levels of sugar in the blood. With the body unable to effectively either produce or make use of insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar, the condition often results in various symptoms indicative of its presence.Many individuals with diabetes experience increased thirst and the subsequent urge to drink more fluids. As sugar builds up in the bloodstream, the kidneys work to eliminate it by producing more urine, resulting in increased frequency of urination. In an effort to replace the fluids lost through this process, excessive thirst and a greater need to drink water or other liquids can develop. Another key symptom to spot is unexplained weight loss. With sugar unable to enter cells, due to a lack of insulin to carry it there, the body is instead forced to breakdown muscle and fat for energy. This results in an unintended drop in body weight. Infographic by: cedars-sinai.edu I...

 Brain tumor cancer is a complicated and concerning condition that affects thousands of individuals each year across the globe. Tumors can greatly impact the brain, a vital organ responsible for functioning independent essential bodily processes and cognitive capabilities. These growths, which can develop from brain tissue itself (primary brain tumors) or spread to the brain after originating in other parts of the body (metastatic brain tumors), pose serious health risks and require comprehensive medical support and intervention. The delicate nature of the brain is one of the most pressing concerns surrounding brain tumors. With the crucial role it plays in regulating numerous bodily functions and various intellectual processes, any foreign growth within this organ can lead to an array of symptoms and potential complications. These may include headaches, seizures, changes in behavior or cognition, weakness or numbness in the limbs, and more, which can have a massive impact on an in...

Cancer can develop in any part of your body, and it can affect your brain and nervous system, which can give rise to a tumor. Tumor cancer may result when abnormal cells multiplying in the nervous system or brain. This forms a mass of tissue known as a tumor. The signs and symptoms are dependent on the tumor’s size, location, and development rate. Treatment and diagnosis for the tumor cancer help in preventing the serious complication and identifying how rapidly the cancer will develop.Types of Tumor CancerThe tumor occurs in the brain and spinal cord. There can be more than 120 types of brain and spinal cord tumor. They are put into groups by the type of cell where they develop.Risk FactorsThe exact cause of the tumor cancer isn’t known. However, the most common factors for developing tumor cancer are:A family history of meningiomasRadiation exposure to the region of the head and the older age of over 65 yearsIntrauterine exposure to ionizing radiationInherited predisposition syndrome...

 In this study, we will review the distinctive characteristics and behaviors of cancer cells as well as the underlying origins and renewals of cancer cell heterogeneity to further understand and eradicate this disease. Cancer cells exhibit substantial genetic heterogeneity even within the same tumor, resulting from continuous accumulation of genetic mutations and variations in their tumor microenvironment. Heterogeneity contributes to treatment resistance, as certain cells within the tumor may harbor genetic alterations rendering them unresponsive to specific therapeutics. Consequently, it is essential to comprehend and target their genetic heterogeneity to develop individualized treatment strategies and enhance therapeutic outcomes. Targeted Cancer Therapies Advancements in our understanding of cancer cell biology have led to the development of targeted therapies that exploit specific cellular vulnerabilities in cancer cells. These therapies are designed to disrupt cancer-specific...

 It’s difficult to predict the life expectancy of a particular patient, as the data is different for each cancer and the stages of that cancer, along with the individual’s overall health and the effectiveness of any treatment. Each person is unique in their how they experience cancer and some may live many years after their diagnosis while others will have a shorter life expectancy. However, it’s important to talk with healthcare professionals for an accurate evaluation of an individual’s situation. Thus, the approach to cancer treatment is often two-fold, taking into account various factors such as cancer type, stage, and overall health. Surgery, the primary modality for removing cancerous tumors or affected tissue, is most effective for localized cancer and is often used in combination with other treatments to target any remaining cancer cells. Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells or slow their growth. It can be administered orally or intravenously, before or after surger...